Geography and Resources of Turkey-Adiyamanli.org

Geography and Resources of Turkey

Total Area:
779,452 square km. Thrace: 23,764 square km. (Europe), Anatolia: 755,688 square km. (Asia). Max. length; 1,565 km. Average width: 550km.

Coastline:
8,372 km. Aegean: 2,805 km. Mediterranean: 1,577 km. Black Sea: 1,695 km. Marmara: 927 km.

Frontiers:
2,753 km. Syria: 877 km. Former USSR (Georgia, Armenia, Nakhitchevan Autonomous Region); 610 km. Iran: 545 km. Irak: 331 km. Bulgaria 269 km. Greece: 212 km.

Land:
30% arable; 4% permanent crops; 12% meadows and pastures; 26% forest and woodland; 28% other.

Lakes:
9,423 square km. In order of size: Van, Tuz Golu (Salt Lake), Beysehir, Egidir, Aksehir, Iznik, Burdur, Manyas, Acigol, Ulubat (Apolyont).

Mountains:
Max. altitude: Mt. Ararat: 5,165 m. Kackar; 3,923 m. Erciyes; 3,917 m. B Hasan; 3,268 m. Nemrut: 2,282 m. Uludag (Mt. Olympus): 2,543. Average altitude; 1,131 m. (80% of land above 500 m. altitude)

Rivers:
Firat (Euphrates): 1,263 km. in Turkey, Kizilrmak: 1,182 km., Sakarya: 824 km. Murat: 722 km. Seyhan: 560, Menderes (Meander): 584 km. Dicle (Tigris): 523 km. in Turkey, Yesilirmak 519 km. Ceyhan: 509 km. Porsuk: 488 km. Coruh: 442 km. Gediz: 401 km.

Islands: Gokceada, Bozcaada, Uzunada, Alibey (Aegean Sea), Maramara Avsa Isles: Eknik, Koyun, Pasalimani, Princes' Isles: Buyukada, Heybeliada, Burgaz, Kinali, Sedef (Marmara Sea), Karaada, Salih, Kekova (Mediterranean)

Straits:
Bosphorus (links Black Sea to Marmara Sea), Dardanelles (links Marmara Sea to Aegean Sea)

Regions:
Seven geographical and administrative region: Marmara, Aegean, Mediterranean, Black Sea, Central Anatolian, Eastern and Southeastern.

Climate:
Three climate zones: Mediterranean (hot and dry summers, mild and wet winters), continental (hot and dry summers, cold and harsh winter), Black Sea: (temperate and wet all year long).

Hydroelectric generators:
(capacity in thousands of megawatts) Ataturk Dam on Firat (8400, to achieve full capacity in 1995), Karakaya Dam on Firat (7,354), Keban Dam on Firat (5,800), Oymapinar Dam on Manavgat (1,920), Gokcekaya Dam on Sakarya (562), Sanyar Dam on Sakarya (400), Hirfanli Dam on Kizilirmak (400).

Thermoelectric generators:
Ambarli (4,500), Seyitomer (1,800), Tuncbilek (830), Catalagzi (800), Mersin (700), Sihaltaraga (450).

Agricultural output:
(1994 figures) Wheat (20 million tons), barley (7.3 million tons), corn (2.3 million tons), cotton (990,000 tons), tea (712,000 tons, 1986), tobacco (287,500 tons), hazelnuts 375,000 tons.

Natural resources:
Oil, coal, iron, ore, copper, uranium, manganese, antimony, chromium, mercury, borate, sulphur, zinc, borax, meerschaum.

BASIC INDICATORS OF THE TURKISH REPUBLIC

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Geography and Resources of Turkey